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Préliminaires arithmétiques⚓︎

Notations utilisées

Le protocole de Diffie-Hellman, comme la plupart des algorithmes de chiffrements modernes, repose sur les nombres premiers et l'arithmétique modulaire. Cela consiste à faire les calculs modulo un nombre, généralement premier.

On dit que deux entiers \(a\) et \(b\) sont égaux modulo \(n\), noté \(a=b \text{ mod } n\), si le reste de la division euclidienne de \(a\) par \(n\) est égal au reste de la division de \(b\) par \(n\). C'est-à-dire que a%n == b%n.

On notera \(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}\) l'ensemble des nombres entiers \(\{0, 1, \cdots, n-1\}\), c'est-à-dire l'ensemble des restes possibles dans la division euclidienne par \(n\). Soit \(a\) et \(b\), des nombres de \(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}\). Si \(a\times b = 1 \text{ mod } n\), on dit que \(a\) et \(b\) sont inverses l'un de l'autre.

On note \(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}^*\) l'ensemble des éléments inversibles dans \(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}\). Par exemple, \(0\) n'est jamais inversible et n'est donc jamais dans \(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}^*\).

Table de multiplication modulo p

La fonction table_mult_modulo prend en paramètre un entier p et affiche la table de multiplication modulo p pour les entiers allant de 1 à p-1.

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Exercice 1

En utilisant table_mult_modulo, déterminer :

  • l'inverse de \(3\) dans \(\mathbb{Z}/5\mathbb{Z}\) ;
  • l'inverse de \(3\) dans \(\mathbb{Z}/7\mathbb{Z}\) ;
  • l'inverse de \(3\) dans \(\mathbb{Z}/13\mathbb{Z}\).

On rappelle qu'un inverse d'un nombre \(a\) est un nombre \(b\) tel que \(a\times b=1\).

Explications

On peut remarquer que le nombre 3 a un inverse dans ces trois cas. Il n'est pas si évident de deviner sa valeur. On peut vérifier que :

  • \(3\times2=6 = 1\times 5 + 1\)
  • \(3\times5=15 = 2\times7 + 1\)
  • \(3\times9=27 = 2\times13 + 1\)
Exercice 2

Toujours en utilisant table_mult_modulo, répondre aux questions suivantes :

  • Quels sont les éléments non inversibles de \(\mathbb{Z}/4\mathbb{Z}\), \(\mathbb{Z}/6\mathbb{Z}\) et \(\mathbb{Z}/9\mathbb{Z}\) ?
  • Quels sont les nombres non-inversibles de \(\mathbb{Z}/12\mathbb{Z}\) ?
  • Quels sont les éléments de \(\mathbb{Z}/12\mathbb{Z}\) qui ne sont pas premiers avec \(12\) ?

Un nombre est non-inversible s'il n'a pas d'inverse. C'est le cas de 0, par exemple.

Deux nombres sont premiers entre eux s'ils n'ont pas de diviseurs communs autre que 1.

Explications

L'ensemble \(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}^*\) est l'ensemble des nombres qui sont premiers avec \(n\). En particulier, si \(n\) est premier, alors \(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}^*=\{1, 2, \cdots, n-1\}\).

Exercice 3

En testant plusieurs nombres premiers \(p\), que remarque-t-on pour chaque ligne, si on la compare avec les valeurs de \(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}^*\) ?

Explications

Lorsque \(p\) est premier, pour tout \(a\in \mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}^*\), la liste de toute les valeurs \(a\times b \text{ mod } p\), avec \(b\in \mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}^*\) est une permutation de \(a\in \mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}^*\). Ainsi, si \(b\) est choisi au hasard, \(a\times b \text{ mod }p\) est distribué de façon équiprobable dans \(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}^*\).

Exercice 4

Écrire le code de la fonction puissances qui prend en paramètres deux entiers g et p, et qui renvoie la liste des puissances de g modulo p en allant de \(\texttt{g}^1\) à \(\texttt{g}^{\texttt{p}-1}\) inclus.

Exemples
>>> puissances(3, 7)
[3, 2, 6, 4, 5, 1]
>>> puissances(2, 13)
[2, 4, 8, 3, 6, 12, 11, 9, 5, 10, 7, 1]

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###(Dés-)Active le code après la ligne # Tests (insensible à la casse)
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Tronquer ou non le feedback dans les terminaux (sortie standard & stacktrace / relancer le code pour appliquer)
Évaluations restantes : 5/5

43908.43996.43997.43980.43993.43985.43988.43979.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43980.43985.43976.43930.43910.43954.43908.43979.43981.43989.43989.43993.43978.43969.43910.44011.43991.43988.43981.43980.43985.43991.43990.43908.43927.43979.43981.43989.43989.43993.43978.43969.43910.43954.43908.43996.43985.43982.43928.43989.43993.43978.43987.43996.43991.43983.43990.43909.43930.43913.43930.43928.43979.43980.43969.43988.43997.43909.43930.43989.43993.43978.43999.43985.43990.43906.43913.43926.43919.43997.43989.43928.43913.43997.43989.43930.43928.43910.43954.43908.43996.43985.43982.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43984.43985.43999.43984.43988.43985.43999.43984.43980.43930.43910.43908.43980.43993.43994.43988.43997.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43984.43985.43999.43984.43988.43985.43999.43984.43980.43980.43993.43994.43988.43997.43930.43910.43908.43980.43978.43910.43908.43980.43984.43928.43995.43991.43988.43979.43976.43993.43990.43909.43930.43914.43930.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43998.43985.43988.43997.43990.43993.43989.43997.43930.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43998.43985.43988.43997.43990.43993.43989.43997.43930.43910.90037.43928.44008.43978.43991.43976.43991.43979.43985.43980.43985.43991.43990.43928.43996.43997.43928.43995.43991.43978.43978.43997.43995.43980.43985.43991.43990.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43927.43980.43984.43910.43908.43927.43980.43978.43910.43908.43980.43978.43910.43908.43980.43996.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43988.43985.43990.43997.43990.43991.43979.43930.43910.43908.43996.43985.43982.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43988.43985.43990.43997.43990.43991.43996.43985.43982.43930.43910.43908.43976.43978.43997.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43913.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43914.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43915.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43916.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43917.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43918.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43919.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43927.43976.43978.43997.43910.43908.43927.43996.43985.43982.43910.43908.43927.43980.43996.43910.43908.43980.43996.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43995.43991.43996.43997.43930.43910.43908.43996.43985.43982.43910.43908.43976.43978.43997.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43995.43991.43996.43997.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43987.43930.43910.43996.43997.43998.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43998.43930.43910.43976.43981.43985.43979.43979.43993.43990.43995.43997.43979.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43976.43930.43910.43920.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43999.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43976.43930.43910.43924.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43976.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43976.43930.43910.43921.43906.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43928.43928.43928.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43976.43981.43985.43979.43979.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43991.43930.43910.43909.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43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6.43985.43982.43910.43908.43927.43980.43996.43910.43908.43927.43980.43978.43910.43908.43927.43980.43993.43994.43988.43997.43910.43908.43927.43996.43985.43982.43910.43954.43908.43927.43996.43985.43982.43910.43954.43908.43927.43996.43997.43980.43993.43985.43988.43979.43910
La table des puissances modulo p

On considère la fonction ci-dessous qui permet d'afficher la liste des puissances des éléments de \(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}\).

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Tronquer ou non le feedback dans les terminaux (sortie standard & stacktrace / relancer le code pour appliquer)
Évaluations restantes : ∞/∞

Exercice 5

En affichant les tables pour \(p\) valant 3, 5, 7 et 11, que remarque-t-on pour \(g^{p-1}\) ?

Explications

On remarque que la dernière valeur est toujours égale à 1. On peut également remarquer que parfois, il y a des 1 qui arrivent plus tôt.

Ordre d'un groupe

On appelle l'ordre de \(g\) dans \(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}^*\) la plus petite valeur non nulle de \(a\) telle que \(g^a\ \%\ p=1\).

On appelle l'ordre du groupe \(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}^*\) le nombre d'éléments qu'il contient.

Exercice 6

Pour cet exercice, on travaille dans \(\mathbb{Z}/13\mathbb{Z}^*\).

  1. Déterminer l'ordre de chacun des éléments de \(\mathbb{Z}/13\mathbb{Z}^*\).
  2. Quel est l'ordre de \(\mathbb{Z}/13\mathbb{Z}^*\) ?
  3. Quelle propriété ont les ordres de ces éléments par rapport à l'ordre de \(\mathbb{Z}/13\mathbb{Z}^*\) ?
Exercice 7

Mêmes questions que celles de l'exercice précédent, mais avec \(\mathbb{Z}/8\mathbb{Z}^*\).

Exercice 8

Écrire le code de la fonction ordre qui prend en paramètres deux entiers g et p, et qui renvoie l'ordre de g dans \(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}^*\). Si g n'est pas inversible, dans \(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}^*\), alors la fonction renvoie -1.

Exemples
>>> ordre(2, 8)
-1
>>> ordre(3, 7)
6
>>> ordre(5, 7)
6
>>> ordre(4, 7)
3

###(Dés-)Active le code après la ligne # Tests (insensible à la casse)
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Tronquer ou non le feedback dans les terminaux (sortie standard & stacktrace / relancer le code pour appliquer)
Évaluations restantes : 5/5

43908.43996.43997.43980.43993.43985.43988.43979.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43980.43985.43976.43930.43910.43954.43908.43979.43981.43989.43989.43993.43978.43969.43910.44011.43991.43988.43981.43980.43985.43991.43990.43908.43927.43979.43981.43989.43989.43993.43978.43969.43910.43954.43908.43996.43985.43982.43928.43989.43993.43978.43987.43996.43991.43983.43990.43909.43930.43913.43930.43928.43979.43980.43969.43988.43997.43909.43930.43989.43993.43978.43999.43985.43990.43906.43913.43926.43919.43997.43989.43928.43913.43997.43989.43930.43928.43910.43954.43908.43996.43985.43982.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43984.43985.43999.43984.43988.43985.43999.43984.43980.43930.43910.43908.43980.43993.43994.43988.43997.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43984.43985.43999.43984.43988.43985.43999.43984.43980.43980.43993.43994.43988.43997.43930.43910.43908.43980.43978.43910.43908.43980.43984.43928.43995.43991.43988.43979.43976.43993.43990.43909.43930.43914.43930.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43998.43985.43988.43997.43990.43993.43989.43997.43930.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43998.43985.43988.43997.43990.43993.43989.43997.43930.43910.90037.43928.44008.43978.43991.43976.43991.43979.43985.43980.43985.43991.43990.43928.43996.43997.43928.43995.43991.43978.43978.43997.43995.43980.43985.43991.43990.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43927.43980.43984.43910.43908.43927.43980.43978.43910.43908.43980.43978.43910.43908.43980.43996.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43988.43985.43990.43997.43990.43991.43979.43930.43910.43908.43996.43985.43982.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43988.43985.43990.43997.43990.43991.43996.43985.43982.43930.43910.43908.43976.43978.43997.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43913.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43914.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43915.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43916.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43917.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43918.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43919.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43927.43976.43978.43997.43910.43908.43927.43996.43985.43982.43910.43908.43927.43980.43996.43910.43908.43980.43996.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43995.43991.43996.43997.43930.43910.43908.43996.43985.43982.43910.43908.43976.43978.43997.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43995.43991.43996.43997.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43987.43930.43910.43996.43997.43998.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43998.43930.43910.43991.43978.43996.43978.43997.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43976.43930.43910.43920.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43999.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43976.43930.43910.43924.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43976.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43976.43930.43910.43921.43906.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43928.43928.43928.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43976.43981.43985.43979.43979.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43991.43930.43910.43909.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43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0.43954.43908.43927.43996.43997.43980.43993.43985.43988.43979.43910

###(Dés-)Active le code après la ligne # Tests (insensible à la casse)
(Ctrl+I)
Tronquer ou non le feedback dans les terminaux (sortie standard & stacktrace / relancer le code pour appliquer)
Évaluations restantes : 5/5

43908.43996.43997.43980.43993.43985.43988.43979.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43980.43985.43976.43930.43910.43954.43908.43979.43981.43989.43989.43993.43978.43969.43910.44011.43991.43988.43981.43980.43985.43991.43990.43908.43927.43979.43981.43989.43989.43993.43978.43969.43910.43954.43908.43996.43985.43982.43928.43989.43993.43978.43987.43996.43991.43983.43990.43909.43930.43913.43930.43928.43979.43980.43969.43988.43997.43909.43930.43989.43993.43978.43999.43985.43990.43906.43913.43926.43919.43997.43989.43928.43913.43997.43989.43930.43928.43910.43954.43908.43996.43985.43982.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43984.43985.43999.43984.43988.43985.43999.43984.43980.43930.43910.43908.43980.43993.43994.43988.43997.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43984.43985.43999.43984.43988.43985.43999.43984.43980.43980.43993.43994.43988.43997.43930.43910.43908.43980.43978.43910.43908.43980.43984.43928.43995.43991.43988.43979.43976.43993.43990.43909.43930.43914.43930.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43998.43985.43988.43997.43990.43993.43989.43997.43930.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43998.43985.43988.43997.43990.43993.43989.43997.43930.43910.90037.43928.44008.43978.43991.43976.43991.43979.43985.43980.43985.43991.43990.43928.43996.43997.43928.43995.43991.43978.43978.43997.43995.43980.43985.43991.43990.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43927.43980.43984.43910.43908.43927.43980.43978.43910.43908.43980.43978.43910.43908.43980.43996.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43988.43985.43990.43997.43990.43991.43979.43930.43910.43908.43996.43985.43982.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43988.43985.43990.43997.43990.43991.43996.43985.43982.43930.43910.43908.43976.43978.43997.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43913.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43914.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43915.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43916.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43917.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43918.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43919.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43927.43976.43978.43997.43910.43908.43927.43996.43985.43982.43910.43908.43927.43980.43996.43910.43908.43980.43996.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43995.43991.43996.43997.43930.43910.43908.43996.43985.43982.43910.43908.43976.43978.43997.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43995.43991.43996.43997.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43987.43930.43910.43996.43997.43998.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43998.43930.43910.43991.43978.43996.43978.43997.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43976.43930.43910.43920.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43999.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43976.43930.43910.43924.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43976.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43976.43930.43910.43921.43906.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43928.43928.43928.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43976.43981.43985.43979.43979.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43991.43930.43910.43909.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43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0.43954.43908.43927.43996.43997.43980.43993.43985.43988.43979.43910
Générateur d'un groupe

On dit que \(g\) est un générateur de \(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}^*\) si l'ordre de \(g\) est égal à l'ordre de \(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}^*\). Si \(g\) est un générateur, alors la liste des puissances de \(g\) est une permutation de \(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}^*\).

Connaissant \(p\), \(g\) et \(m = g^a \text{ mod } p\), retrouver la valeur de \(a\) s'appelle le problème du logarithme discret.

Exercice 9

Écrire le code de la fonction logarithme_discret qui prend en paramètres trois entiers g, m et p et qui calcule l'entier a tel que \(\texttt{m} = \texttt{g}^{\texttt{a}} \text{ mod } \texttt{p}\).

On suppose que g est un génrérateur de \(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}^*\) et que m appartient à \(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}^*\).

Exemples
>>> logarithme_discret(2, 7, 11)
7
>>> logarithme_discret(2, 5, 11)
4
>>> logarithme_discret(2, 1, 11)
0
>>> logarithme_discret(2, 3, 11)
8

###(Dés-)Active le code après la ligne # Tests (insensible à la casse)
(Ctrl+I)
Tronquer ou non le feedback dans les terminaux (sortie standard & stacktrace / relancer le code pour appliquer)
Évaluations restantes : 5/5

43908.43996.43997.43980.43993.43985.43988.43979.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43980.43985.43976.43930.43910.43954.43908.43979.43981.43989.43989.43993.43978.43969.43910.44011.43991.43988.43981.43980.43985.43991.43990.43908.43927.43979.43981.43989.43989.43993.43978.43969.43910.43954.43908.43996.43985.43982.43928.43989.43993.43978.43987.43996.43991.43983.43990.43909.43930.43913.43930.43928.43979.43980.43969.43988.43997.43909.43930.43989.43993.43978.43999.43985.43990.43906.43913.43926.43919.43997.43989.43928.43913.43997.43989.43930.43928.43910.43954.43908.43996.43985.43982.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43984.43985.43999.43984.43988.43985.43999.43984.43980.43930.43910.43908.43980.43993.43994.43988.43997.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43984.43985.43999.43984.43988.43985.43999.43984.43980.43980.43993.43994.43988.43997.43930.43910.43908.43980.43978.43910.43908.43980.43984.43928.43995.43991.43988.43979.43976.43993.43990.43909.43930.43914.43930.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43998.43985.43988.43997.43990.43993.43989.43997.43930.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43998.43985.43988.43997.43990.43993.43989.43997.43930.43910.90037.43928.44008.43978.43991.43976.43991.43979.43985.43980.43985.43991.43990.43928.43996.43997.43928.43995.43991.43978.43978.43997.43995.43980.43985.43991.43990.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43927.43980.43984.43910.43908.43927.43980.43978.43910.43908.43980.43978.43910.43908.43980.43996.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43988.43985.43990.43997.43990.43991.43979.43930.43910.43908.43996.43985.43982.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43988.43985.43990.43997.43990.43991.43996.43985.43982.43930.43910.43908.43976.43978.43997.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43913.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43914.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43915.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43916.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43917.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43918.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43927.43976.43978.43997.43910.43908.43927.43996.43985.43982.43910.43908.43927.43980.43996.43910.43908.43980.43996.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43995.43991.43996.43997.43930.43910.43908.43996.43985.43982.43910.43908.43976.43978.43997.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43995.43991.43996.43997.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43987.43930.43910.43996.43997.43998.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43998.43930.43910.43988.43991.43999.43993.43978.43985.43980.43984.43989.43997.44007.43996.43985.43979.43995.43978.43997.43980.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43976.43930.43910.43920.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43999.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43976.43930.43910.43924.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43989.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43976.43930.43910.43924.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43976.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43976.43930.43910.43921.43906.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43928.43928.43928.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43976.43981.43985.43979.43979.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43991.43930.43910.43909.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43989.43985.43930.43910.43913.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43928.43928.43928.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43987.43930.43910.43998.43991.43978.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43985.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43991.43983.43930.43910.43985.43990.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43994.43930.43910.43978.43993.43990.43999.43997.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43976.43930.43910.43920.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43976.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43976.43930.43910.43921.43906.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43987.43930.43910.43985.43998.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43976.43981.43985.43979.43979.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43991.43930.43910.43909.43909.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43989.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43976.43930.43910.43906.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43987.43930.43910.43978.43997.43980.43981.43978.43990.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43985.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43976.43981.43985.43979.43979.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43991.43930.43910.43909.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43976.43930.43910.43920.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43976.43981.43985.43979.43979.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43991.43930.43910.43922.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43999.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43976.43930.43910.43921.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43991.43930.43910.43933.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43976.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43927.43995.43991.43996.43997.43910.43908.43927.43976.43978.43997.43910.43908.43927.43996.43985.43982.43910.43908.43927.43980.43996.43910.43908.43927.43980.43978.43910.43908.43927.43980.43993.43994.43988.43997.43910.43908.43927.43996.43985.43982.43910.43954.43908.43927.43996.43985.43982.43910.43954.43908.43927.43996.43997.43980.43993.43985.43988.43979.43910

###(Dés-)Active le code après la ligne # Tests (insensible à la casse)
(Ctrl+I)
Tronquer ou non le feedback dans les terminaux (sortie standard & stacktrace / relancer le code pour appliquer)
Évaluations restantes : 5/5

43908.43996.43997.43980.43993.43985.43988.43979.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43980.43985.43976.43930.43910.43954.43908.43979.43981.43989.43989.43993.43978.43969.43910.44011.43991.43988.43981.43980.43985.43991.43990.43908.43927.43979.43981.43989.43989.43993.43978.43969.43910.43954.43908.43996.43985.43982.43928.43989.43993.43978.43987.43996.43991.43983.43990.43909.43930.43913.43930.43928.43979.43980.43969.43988.43997.43909.43930.43989.43993.43978.43999.43985.43990.43906.43913.43926.43919.43997.43989.43928.43913.43997.43989.43930.43928.43910.43954.43908.43996.43985.43982.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43984.43985.43999.43984.43988.43985.43999.43984.43980.43930.43910.43908.43980.43993.43994.43988.43997.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43984.43985.43999.43984.43988.43985.43999.43984.43980.43980.43993.43994.43988.43997.43930.43910.43908.43980.43978.43910.43908.43980.43984.43928.43995.43991.43988.43979.43976.43993.43990.43909.43930.43914.43930.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43998.43985.43988.43997.43990.43993.43989.43997.43930.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43998.43985.43988.43997.43990.43993.43989.43997.43930.43910.90037.43928.44008.43978.43991.43976.43991.43979.43985.43980.43985.43991.43990.43928.43996.43997.43928.43995.43991.43978.43978.43997.43995.43980.43985.43991.43990.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43927.43980.43984.43910.43908.43927.43980.43978.43910.43908.43980.43978.43910.43908.43980.43996.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43988.43985.43990.43997.43990.43991.43979.43930.43910.43908.43996.43985.43982.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43988.43985.43990.43997.43990.43991.43996.43985.43982.43930.43910.43908.43976.43978.43997.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43913.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43914.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43915.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43916.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43917.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43991.43978.43989.43993.43988.43930.43910.43918.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43927.43976.43978.43997.43910.43908.43927.43996.43985.43982.43910.43908.43927.43980.43996.43910.43908.43980.43996.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43995.43991.43996.43997.43930.43910.43908.43996.43985.43982.43910.43908.43976.43978.43997.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43995.43991.43996.43997.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43987.43930.43910.43996.43997.43998.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43998.43930.43910.43988.43991.43999.43993.43978.43985.43980.43984.43989.43997.44007.43996.43985.43979.43995.43978.43997.43980.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43976.43930.43910.43920.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43999.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43976.43930.43910.43924.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43989.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43976.43930.43910.43924.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43976.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43976.43930.43910.43921.43906.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43928.43928.43928.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43976.43981.43985.43979.43979.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43991.43930.43910.43909.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43989.43985.43930.43910.43913.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43928.43928.43928.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43987.43930.43910.43998.43991.43978.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43985.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43991.43983.43930.43910.43985.43990.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43994.43930.43910.43978.43993.43990.43999.43997.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43976.43930.43910.43920.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43976.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43976.43930.43910.43921.43906.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43987.43930.43910.43985.43998.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43976.43981.43985.43979.43979.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43991.43930.43910.43909.43909.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43989.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43976.43930.43910.43906.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43987.43930.43910.43978.43997.43980.43981.43978.43990.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43985.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43976.43981.43985.43979.43979.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43991.43930.43910.43909.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43976.43930.43910.43920.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43976.43981.43985.43979.43979.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43991.43930.43910.43922.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43999.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43976.43930.43910.43921.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43991.43930.43910.43933.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43928.43908.43979.43976.43993.43990.43928.43995.43988.43993.43979.43979.43909.43930.43990.43930.43910.43976.43908.43927.43979.43976.43993.43990.43910.43954.43908.43927.43995.43991.43996.43997.43910.43908.43927.43976.43978.43997.43910.43908.43927.43996.43985.43982.43910.43908.43927.43980.43996.43910.43908.43927.43980.43978.43910.43908.43927.43980.43993.43994.43988.43997.43910.43908.43927.43996.43985.43982.43910.43954.43908.43927.43996.43985.43982.43910.43954.43908.43927.43996.43997.43980.43993.43985.43988.43979.43910
Exercice 10

On prend \(p=8704351\) et \(g=3\) un générateur de \(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}^*\). Déterminer le logarithme discret de \(m=2541552\).

Expression à évaluer
logarithme_discret(3, 2541552, 8704351)
Exercice 11

On prend \(p=733336898214308139427731599029\) et \(g=2\) un générateur de \(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}^*\).

Déterminer le logarithme discret de \(m=188694425037893921658700181569\).

Expression à évaluer
logarithme_discret(2, 188694425037893921658700181569, 733336898214308139427731599029)

⚠ Il vaut mieux faire ce calcul en utilisant Thonny.

Explications

Le nombre \(p\) n'a que 100 bits. Le problème devient déjà trop dur pour être résolu rapidement. Les clefs utilisées pour Diffie-Hellman ont 1024 ou 2048 bits.